Least-Squares Means

Obtain least-squares means for linear, generalized linear, and mixed models. Compute contrasts or linear functions of least-squares means, and comparisons of slopes. Plots and compact letter displays. Least-squares means were proposed in Harvey, W (1960) "Least-squares analysis of data with unequal subclass numbers", Tech Report ARS-20-8, USDA National Agricultural Library, and discussed further in Searle, Speed, and Milliken (1980) "Population marginal means in the linear model: An alternative to least squares means", The American Statistician 34(4), 216-221 . NOTE: lsmeans now relies primarily on code in the 'emmeans' package. 'lsmeans' will be archived in the near future.

R package lsmeans: Least-squares means (estimated marginal means)

NEWS

The lsmeans package is now just a front-end to emmeans. Users are encouraged to switch to emmeans (estimated marginal means), now available on CRAN. Note that:

• Really old R scripts that used lsmeans will still work with emmeans after making minor changes (use emmeans:::convert_scripts()).
• Existing objects created with really old versions of lsmeans can be converted to work with the new package via emmeans:::convert_workspace().
• See vignette("transition-from-lsmeans", "emmeans") for more details.
• Datasets auto.noise, etc. are now provided only in the emmeans package.