Association Among Disease Counts and Socio-Environmental Factors

Estimation of association between disease or death counts (e.g. COVID-19) and socio-environmental risk factors using a zero-inflated Bayesian spatiotemporal model. Non-spatiotemporal models and/or models without zero-inflation are also included for comparison. Functions to produce corresponding maps are also included. See Chakraborty et al. (2022) for more details on the method.

Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research

A general purpose toolbox developed originally for personality, psychometric theory and experimental psychology. Functions are primarily for multivariate analysis and scale construction using factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and reliability analysis, although others provide basic descriptive statistics. Item Response Theory is done using factor analysis of tetrachoric and polychoric correlations. Functions for analyzing data at multiple levels include within and between group statistics, including correlations and factor analysis. Validation and cross validation of scales developed using basic machine learning algorithms are provided, as are functions for simulating and testing particular item and test structures. Several functions serve as a useful front end for structural equation modeling. Graphical displays of path diagrams, including mediation models, factor analysis and structural equation models are created using basic graphics. Some of the functions are written to support a book on psychometric theory as well as publications in personality research. For more information, see the < https://personality-project.org/r/> web page.

Subgroup Identification with Latent Factor Structure

In various domains, many datasets exhibit both high variable dependency and group structures, which necessitates their simultaneous estimation. This package provides functions for two subgroup identification methods based on penalized functions, both of which utilize factor model structures to adapt to data with cross-sectional dependency. The first method is the Subgroup Identification with Latent Factor Structure Method (SILFSM) we proposed. By employing Center-Augmented Regularization and factor structures, the SILFSM effectively eliminates data dependencies while identifying subgroups within datasets. For this model, we offer optimization functions based on two different methods: Coordinate Descent and our newly developed Difference of Convex-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (DC-ADMM) algorithms; the latter can be applied to cases where the distance function in Center-Augmented Regularization takes L1 and L2 forms. The other method is the Factor-Adjusted Pairwise Fusion Penalty (FA-PFP) model, which incorporates factor augmentation into the Pairwise Fusion Penalty (PFP) developed by Ma, S. and Huang, J. (2017) . Additionally, we provide a function for the Standard CAR (S-CAR) method, which does not consider the dependency and is for comparative analysis with other approaches. Furthermore, functions based on the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) of the SILFSM and the FA-PFP method are also included in 'SILFS' for selecting tuning parameters. For more details of Subgroup Identification with Latent Factor Structure Method, please refer to He et al. (2024) .

Extracting and Visualizing Bayesian Graphical Models

Fit and visualize the results of a Bayesian analysis of networks commonly found in psychology. The package supports fitting cross-sectional network models fitted using the packages 'BDgraph', 'bgms' and 'BGGM'. The package provides the parameter estimates, posterior inclusion probabilities, inclusion Bayes factor, and the posterior density of the parameters. In addition, for 'BDgraph' and 'bgms' it allows to assess the posterior structure space. Furthermore, the package comes with an extensive suite for visualizing results.

Predictive Probability for a Continuous Response with an ANOVA Structure

A Bayesian approach to using predictive probability in an ANOVA construct with a continuous normal response, when threshold values must be obtained for the question of interest to be evaluated as successful (Sieck and Christensen (2021) ). The Bayesian Mission Mean (BMM) is used to evaluate a question of interest (that is, a mean that randomly selects combination of factor levels based on their probability of occurring instead of averaging over the factor levels, as in the grand mean). Under this construct, in contrast to a Gibbs sampler (or Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampler), a two-stage sampling method is required. The nested sampler determines the conditional posterior distribution of the model parameters, given Y, and the outside sampler determines the marginal posterior distribution of Y (also commonly called the predictive distribution for Y). This approach provides a sample from the joint posterior distribution of Y and the model parameters, while also accounting for the threshold value that must be obtained in order for the question of interest to be evaluated as successful.

Bayesian Mixed Models for Qualitative Individual Differences

Test whether equality and order constraints hold for all individuals simultaneously by comparing Bayesian mixed models through Bayes factors. A tutorial style vignette and a quickstart guide are available, via vignette("manual", "quid"), and vignette("quickstart", "quid") respectively. See Haaf and Rouder (2017) ; Haaf, Klaassen and Rouder (2019) ; and Rouder & Haaf (2021) .

Classic, Nonparametric and Bayesian Two-Way Analysis of Variance Panel

Covers several approaches to ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), specifically studying a balanced two-factor fixed-fixed ANOVA design. It consists of four sections. The first section uses a dynamic scheme to indicate which possible alternatives to follow depending on the fulfillment of the assumptions of the model. It also presents an analysis on the fulfillment of the assumptions of linearity, homoscedasticity, normality, and independence in the residuals of the model, as well as dynamic statistical graphs on the residuals of the model. The second section presents an analysis with a non-parametric approach of Kruskal Wallis. After Kruskal Wallis, a Post-Hoc analysis of multiple comparisons on the medians of the treatments is carried out. The third section presents a classical parametric ANOVA. Following classical ANOVA, a post-hoc analysis of multiple comparisons on the medians of the treatments, factor levels by Dunn's test, and statistical graphs for the treatments and factor levels are shown. Additionally, a post-hoc analysis of multiple comparisons on the means of the treatments is done. The fourth section presents an analysis of variance under a Bayesian approach. In this section, interactive statistical graphs are presented on the posterior distributions of treatments, factor levels, and a convergence analysis of the estimated parameters, using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo). These results are displayed in an interactive glossy panel which allows modification of the test arguments, contains interactive statistical plots, and presents automatic conclusions depending on the fulfillment of the assumptions of the balanced two-factor fixed ANOVA model.

Plotting for Bayesian Models

Plotting functions for posterior analysis, MCMC diagnostics, prior and posterior predictive checks, and other visualizations to support the applied Bayesian workflow advocated in Gabry, Simpson, Vehtari, Betancourt, and Gelman (2019) . The package is designed not only to provide convenient functionality for users, but also a common set of functions that can be easily used by developers working on a variety of R packages for Bayesian modeling, particularly (but not exclusively) packages interfacing with 'Stan'.

Gradient Projection Factor Rotation

Gradient Projection Algorithms for Factor Rotation. For details see ?GPArotation. When using this package, please cite Bernaards and Jennrich (2005) 'Gradient Projection Algorithms and Software for Arbitrary Rotation Criteria in Factor Analysis'.

Estimate Heterogeneous Effects in Factorial Experiments Using Grouping and Sparsity

Estimates heterogeneous effects in factorial (and conjoint) models. The methodology employs a Bayesian finite mixture of regularized logistic regressions, where moderators can affect each observation's probability of group membership and a sparsity-inducing prior fuses together levels of each factor while respecting ANOVA-style sum-to-zero constraints. Goplerud, Imai, and Pashley (2024) provide further details.