Functions that Apply to Rows and Columns of Matrices (and to Vectors)

High-performing functions operating on rows and columns of matrices, e.g. col / rowMedians(), col / rowRanks(), and col / rowSds(). Functions optimized per data type and for subsetted calculations such that both memory usage and processing time is minimized. There are also optimized vector-based methods, e.g. binMeans(), madDiff() and weightedMedian().

Analysis of Ecological Data: Exploratory and Euclidean Methods in Environmental Sciences

Tools for multivariate data analysis. Several methods are provided for the analysis (i.e., ordination) of one-table (e.g., principal component analysis, correspondence analysis), two-table (e.g., coinertia analysis, redundancy analysis), three-table (e.g., RLQ analysis) and K-table (e.g., STATIS, multiple coinertia analysis). The philosophy of the package is described in Dray and Dufour (2007) .

Practical Numerical Math Functions

Provides a large number of functions from numerical analysis and linear algebra, numerical optimization, differential equations, time series, plus some well-known special mathematical functions. Uses 'MATLAB' function names where appropriate to simplify porting.

Expanded Replacement and Extension of the 'optim' Function

Provides a replacement and extension of the optim() function to call to several function minimization codes in R in a single statement. These methods handle smooth, possibly box constrained functions of several or many parameters. Note that function 'optimr()' was prepared to simplify the incorporation of minimization codes going forward. Also implements some utility codes and some extra solvers, including safeguarded Newton methods. Many methods previously separate are now included here. This is the version for CRAN.

R Optimization Infrastructure

The R Optimization Infrastructure ('ROI') is a sophisticated framework for handling optimization problems in R. Additional information can be found on the 'ROI' homepage < https://roi.r-forge.r-project.org/>.

Flexible Optimization of Complex Loss Functions with State and Parameter Space Constraints

Flexible optimizer with numerous input specifications for detailed parameterisation. Designed for complex loss functions with state and parameter space constraints. Visualization tools for validation and analysis of the convergence are included.

Global Optimization by Differential Evolution

Implements the Differential Evolution algorithm for global optimization of a real-valued function of a real-valued parameter vector as described in Mullen et al. (2011) .

Derivative-Free Optimization

Derivative-Free optimization algorithms. These algorithms do not require gradient information. More importantly, they can be used to solve non-smooth optimization problems.

Derivative-Free Optimization Algorithms by Quadratic Approximation

Derivative-free optimization by quadratic approximation based on an interface to Fortran implementations by M. J. D. Powell.

R Interface to NLopt

Solve optimization problems using an R interface to NLopt. NLopt is a free/open-source library for nonlinear optimization, providing a common interface for a number of different free optimization routines available online as well as original implementations of various other algorithms. See < https://nlopt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/NLopt_Algorithms/> for more information on the available algorithms. Building from included sources requires 'CMake'. On Linux and 'macOS', if a suitable system build of NLopt (2.7.0 or later) is found, it is used; otherwise, it is built from included sources via 'CMake'. On Windows, NLopt is obtained through 'rwinlib' for 'R <= 4.1.x' or grabbed from the appropriate toolchain for 'R >= 4.2.0'.