Spatial Data Analysis

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on < https://rspatial.org/> to get started.


Reference manual

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install.packages("terra")

1.9-50 by Robert J. Hijmans, a month ago


https://rspatial.org/, https://rspatial.github.io/terra/


Report a bug at https://github.com/rspatial/terra/issues


Browse source code at https://github.com/cran/terra


Authors: Robert J. Hijmans [cre, aut] (ORCID: , Andrew Brown [aut] , A. Márcia Barbosa [aut] (ORCID: , Emanuele Cordano [aut] , Krzysztof Dyba [aut] , Roger Bivand [ctb] , Michael Chirico [ctb] , Edzer Pebesma [ctb] , Barry Rowlingson [ctb] , Michael D. Sumner [ctb] (ORCID:


Documentation:   PDF Manual  


GPL (>= 3) license


Imports Rcpp, stats

Depends on methods

Suggests parallel, tinytest, ncdf4, sf, igraph, deldir, XML, leaflet, htmlwidgets, future, future.apply

Linking to Rcpp

System requirements: C++17, GDAL (>= 2.2.3), GEOS (>= 3.4.0), PROJ (>= 4.9.3), TBB, sqlite3


Imported by AgePopDenom, AquaBEHER, Argentum, BAT, BIEN, BIOMASS, BioIndex, BoundaryStats, BrazilMet, CAST, CCAMLRGIS, CDSE, CMIP6VisR, CatastRo, ClimaRep, CoordinateCleaner, CspStandSegmentation, DAST, DEPONS2R, DWBmodelUN, ENMTools, ENMeval, EcoCleanR, Euclimatch, ExposR, FIESTAutils, FedData, ForestTools, GHCNr, GapAnalysis, GeNetIt, GeoAdjust, GeoDensityR, GeoThinneR, HurreconR, ICESat2VegR, ICvectorfields, ISRaD, InterpolateR, IsoriX, LAIr, LPDynR, LST, MBGapp, MBHdesign, MIAmaxent, MODISTools, MRG, MetaLandSim, MigConnectivity, MultiscaleSCP, NetLogoR, OCNet, OTBsegm, Orcs, OtsuFire, PHENTHAUproc, PiC, PlanetNICFI, PointedSDMs, PopGenHelpR, QBMS, QRAGadget, RCzechia, RFmerge, RFplus, RGDrivers, RPhosFate, RRgeo, RStoolbox, RcamelsCL, Recocrop, RiskMap, Rsagacmd, Rtrack, RuHere, S4DM, SAiVE, SDALGCP2, SDMtune, SESraster, SHARK4R, SSIMmap, SUMMER, SUNGEO, SeaGraphs, SnowData, SpaDES.core, SpaDES.tools, SppTrend, StormR, SurfaceTortoise, TCHazaRds, TemporalModelR, TroublemakeR, Ts, USE, WaterBalanceR, ZonationR, adw, ag5Tools, agriwater, amadeus, amt, arcgislayers, arcpullr, arete, ascotraceR, assignR, atakrig, atpolR, aws.wrfsmn, barrks, basemaps, bayesEO, bean, bespatial, bioRad, bioclim, biomod2, bitfield, bivariatemaps, blackmarbler, blockCV, blueterra, camtrapR, caretSDM, cdlTools, cdlsim, cdmetapopR, cercospoRa, cffdrs, chirps, cholera, chooseGCM, chopin, circuitscaper, clc, clim4health, climateStability, climetrics, climodr, cnmap, coveR2, cropDemand, cropZoning, crownsegmentr, crstools, ct, ctmm, damAOI, dartR.popgen, daymetr, dbSpatial, deforestable, disaggregation, diseasemapping, dismo, divraster, divvy, dots, downscale, dsmSearch, dynamicSDM, dynatopGIS, eDITH, earthtones, easyclimate, ebirdst, ebvcube, ecospat, ecotrends, elevatr, enerscape, enmSdmX, enmpa, envar, envi, epm, eseis, eva3dm, evacpath, fastbioclim, fasterRaster, fastfocal, faunabr, fireexposuR, fitbitViz, flexurba, florabr, foto, fpROC, funbiogeo, gateR, gatoRs, gbif.range, gdistance, gecko, geocausal, geocmeans, geocomplexity, geodiv, geoflow, geohabnet, geoidep, geomerge, geoprofiler, geospatialsuite, geotargets, geotopbricks, getCRUCLdata, ggmapcn, gloBFPr, glossa, grainscape, graph4lg, grec, greenR, greenSD, growthTrendR, gtfs2emis, gtfs2gps, h3sdm, habtools, happign, hwsdr, hydromeso, hypervolume, imageRy, imdR, inecolr, infocausality, infoxtr, jollofR, kernelPhil, kuenm2, landform, landscapeR, landscapemetrics, latbias, ldmppr, leastcostpath, lidR, lidaRtRee, lifeR, linemap, link2GI, loopevd, macroBiome, makePalette, malariaAtlas, mapSpain, mapgl, mapme.biodiversity, mappestRisk, mappingAS, mapsRinteractive, maptiles, mbg, mddmaps, medfateland, metaRange, meteo, mkde, mlr3spatial, modEvA, modisfast, monographaR, mop, move, movecost, movedesign, movegroup, mrangr, multilandr, multiscape, nicheR, nichevol, nimblewomble, npphen, ofpetrial, ohvbd, ows4R, oystermapR, paisaje, paleobioDB, pc, phenomap, phenopix, phyloraster, phyloregion, phylospatial, pliman, potentiomap, prior3D, priorCON, prioritizr, prioritizrdata, prism, pycnogrid, quadmesh, quaxnat, quickPlot, r4pde, rLakeHabitat, rPAex, raceland, rangeBuilder, rangeModelMetadata, rangr, rapr, rassta, raster, rasterVis, rasterbc, rasterdiv, rasterpic, rcontroll, rcrimeanalysis, rcrisp, read.abares, red, reddPrec, redlistr, regional, rivnet, rlandfire, rnaturalearth, roads, robust.prioritizr, rpaleoclim, rpostgis, rsi, rtrend, rworldmap, samc, sampbias, sara4r, satellite, satres, scapesClassification, scenfire, sdmpredictors, sealeveltools, secr, sgsR, shar, shoredate, sigugr, simulariatools, sits, skytrackr, slideview, slopes, smosr, soilassessment, spEDM, spacemodR, spanner, sparrpowR, spatcovar, spatialData, spatialEco, spatialising, spatialrisk, sptrends, ssebiEF, ssmooth, stppSim, supercells, surveyPrev, tReeTraits, tabs, tanaka, tectonicr, tenm, terrainr, terralink, tidysdm, tidyterra, tmap.mapgl, tmapverse, topocast, toponym, viewscape, voluModel, vostokR, wcswatin, wdiEF, weatherOz, weightedVoronoi, wflo, windfarmGA, wingen, xaci, xnicher, xsdm, xyt.

Depended on by GLCMTextures, MultiscaleDTM, ShapePattern, SiMRiv, SurfRough, TOC, biomes, bluertopo, ceramic, diffeR, envirem, geodata, geostatsp, hemispheR, heterogen, hydflood, intSDM, isocat, itcSegment, kissmig, letsR, mapmisc, multiScaleR, pastclim, predicts, raptr, rflsgen, rts, sdm, usdm, virtualspecies.

Suggested by AGPRIS, AMAPVox, AgriFusionR, BORG, BeeBDC, BiodiversityR, CSHShydRology, CopernicusDEM, DOYPAColors, FIESTA, HYPEtools, INLAspacetime, IceSat2R, NRMSampling, Rquefts, RtsEva, Rwofost, TTR.PGM, a5R, actel, anipaths, annotator, appeears, arcpy, bcmaps, belg, bfast, biofetchR, bioregion, bufferscape, centerline, clhs, climaemet, climatehealth, climatekit, climniche, confcons, copernicusR, cubeview, curves, dartR, dartR.base, dartR.spatial, datazoom.amazonia, deckglgeoarrow, disdat, duckspatial, dwdradar, earthdatalogin, ecmwfr, ecoTolerance, exactextractr, ffm, floodflow, fmesher, fuzzySim, gdalUtilities, gdm, gdverse, geos, geosphere, ggspatial, gpkg, healthiar, hexify, hockeystick, htsr, hydrogeofetch, icosa, inlabru, jSDM, lacunaritycovariance, landgraph, leafem, leaflet, madrat, magclass, manureshed, mapiso, mapmixture, mapsf, maxentcpp, metR, meteor, mlr3spatiotempcv, motif, msdrought, ncdfCF, neonUtilities, nhdplusTools, nuts, oce, openairmaps, openeo, opentripplanner, osmdata, osrm, pigauto, plotthis, prevR, qgisprocess, raem, rampage, rayshader, rdwd, reproducible, rgbif, rgee, rgeedim, rgeomorphon, rgplates, rgrass, rgugik, rnpn, rosm, rsyncrosim, sdsfun, sf, sharpshootR, shinyscholar, skylight, smoothr, snapKrig, snic, soilDB, soilKey, sp, spCF, spaths, spatstat.convert, spopt, stars, taxify, tidycensus, tmap, trackdf, traudem, tulpa, ubms, unifir, unmarked, ursa, vectra, versioning, via, viridis, wallace, waywiser, whitebox, workspace, wxgenR, xbioclim, z22.

Enhanced by sabre.


See at CRAN